First, it seems to me that you told 2022 TurboTax that you claimed only $7,000 of this credit on your 2008 Form 5405, not the $7,500 actually claimed, resulting in TurboTax correctly calculating a minimum required repayment of $467 for 2022 and 2023. With you telling 2022 TurboTax that a total of $6,000 was repaid in 2010 through 2021, plus the $467 paid each year 2022 and 2023, that left only $66 of $7,000 to be repaid in 2024. In other words, it seems that TurboTax made no calculation errors. (I'm assuming that you transferred in the prior-year TurboTax file when beginning your 2023 and 2024 tax returns.)
Second, I don't see how an underpayment of tax by $33 in 2022 and 2023 can cause penalties and interest of $150 and $594 respectively, and an underpayment of tax by $434 in 2024 can cause a penalty of $150. It seems to me that these penalties are the result of under-withholding or insufficient estimated tax payments having been made and have little to do with the mistake that you made when preparing your 2022 tax return.
