The (new) W-4 has a place where you can withhold additional amounts per paycheck. For example, if you owed money for 2024 (let's say $1,200), then you can add $50 as a manual add to your W-4 if you are paid twice a month which will then withhold (full year) an additional $1,200. When you get a raise, it is a good time to update that additional amount.
The IRS also has a free W-4 calculator that helps you determine what additional amount may be needed in your situation. It also takes into account income that does not have withholding (such as investment income, rental income, etc). Here's that tool: https://www.irs.gov/individuals/tax-withholding-estimator
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