Income Coming In at Different Times of the Year

For 2024 I had a large capital gain in January.  Then at the end of the year I bought a home and generated quite a bit of income through the sale of stocks, funds and CDs.  So then I had all this income at the end of the year.  I did make a quarterly tax payment in Q1 but none in Q2-Q4.  And I got dinged for for an estimated tax penalty in TT for $3,000.

 

So question is does the IRS give you a break if your income is sporadic during the year like my example above?  The home purchase was not known until December and the income I needed to purchase it.