In the California return, the Underpayment Penalty questionnaire normally doesn't appear unless TurboTax has tentatively calculated a penalty based on the income and payment information you entered. There are several exemptions to the penalty and you may have met one of the other exceptions.
If TurboTax calculates a penalty, you will see Underpayment Penalty listed as an item under Other Situations and you may also see a screen prompt before you get to the end of the California items asking if you want to go over the penalty section now. Respond "yes" to "Would you like to review this topic?". If yes, you are given the choice to let the Franchise Tax Board calculate the penalty and send you a bill, or complete the questionnaire.
See this FTB webpage for more information about California penalties.
According to the form, If you qualify for the 110% of 2023 exemption, or another exemptions, then the Form 5805 is not required to be submitted.
Form 5805 states:
IMPORTANT: In most cases, the Franchise Tax Board (FTB) can figure the penalty for you and you do not have to complete this form. See General Information B. If you meet any of the following conditions, you do not owe a penalty for underpayment of estimated tax.
Do not complete or file this form if:
• The amount of your tax liability (not including tax on lump-sum distributions and accumulation distribution of trusts) less credits (including the withholding credit) but not including estimated tax payments for either 2023 or 2024 was less than $500 (or less than $250 if married/RDP filing a separate return).
• Your 2023 return was for a full 12 months (or would have been if you were required to file) and you did not have any tax liability on that return.
• The amount of your withholding plus your estimated tax payments, if paid in the required installments, is at least 90% of the tax shown on your 2024 return or 100% of the tax shown on your 2023 return (110% if California adjusted gross income (AGI) was more than $150,000 or $75,000 if married/RDP filing a separate return) and you are not using the annualized income installment method. Taxpayers with California AGI equal to or greater than $1,000,000 (or $500,000 if married/RDP filing a separate return) must use the tax shown on their 2022 tax return if they do not meet one of the two conditions above.
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