This FAQ for estimated tax is useful https://www.irs.gov/faqs/estimated-tax
It's not so much about your final payment in April, but the minimum amount you need to pay "as you go" during the year. This "safe harbor" to avoid penalty is to have paid "timely" during the year via withholding or quarterly ES either of: 100% of 2023 tax (110% if AGI > 150k), or 90% of 2024 tax, whichever is smaller. If you didn't hit either of those that will trigger a penalty. It's possible in the past you made safe harbor and owed some tax with your return, but this time you were under.
Looking forward to 2025, you may also see TT by default will generate ES vouchers for 2025 based on paying "100/110% of 2024 tax" in 2025 thru withholding or estimated taxes and assumes 2025 withholding is the same as 2024. You can go through Other Tax Situations / Form W4 and Estimated Taxes to provide estimates for 2025 to see if you can then adopt "90% of 2025 tax" instead, and determine if any withholding is enough or you need to pay ES for 2025.
Once you figure that 'safe harbor' amount it gets easier to think about withholding and estimated taxes and avoid penalties.
