as Opus17 described in the link thread. your choices for what remain of the excess contributions for 2023 have to either be spent on medical expenses before the end of the year. Any money left would be subject to a 6% penalty. The other option is a nonqualified withdrawal which is subject to both a 20% penalty and income taxes.
for 2024 not only does the excess need to be removed (tax and penalty free) but if any income was earned that also needs to me removed and is subject to income taxes.
Technically the 2024 excess doesn't have to be withdrawn until 4/15/2025 and you would still avoid the excess contribution penalty, but it may be best to deal with it all before the end of 2024.
unless already done, 2023 needs to be amended if you took an HSA deduction (or your W-2 wages reflected the HSA contribution)
