For 2024, you have the option of married filing jointly or married filing separately. By filing jointly, you get lower federal tax rates and some deductions and credits are better, but Missouri gets to tax your husband's income. Filing separately means you file listing your share of deductions and income, and your spouse files listing their share of deductions and income. You would file a separate return in Missouri but your spouse would not owe state tax since he is in Texas.
You may have the option of filing separately for state but jointly for federal. This will depend on Missouri law.
@TomD8 may have some additional comments here.
If you want to file jointly federal and separately in Missouri (meaning only you file in Missouri) then you would need two separate tax returns. It will be more cost effective to buy turbotax to install on your own mac or PC, rather than using the online version.
Lastly, your spouse may have taxable income in Missouri, and be required to file a Missouri tax return, if he performs work while living in or visiting the state--such as, he can work remotely and he works when he comes to visit you. You will want to review the rules for Missouri non-resident taxes to see what they consider Missouri income and whether there is a minimum or maximum time allowed.
