First, you need to determine if the short term and long term disability income is taxable. Keep in mind, the short term disability income might not be taxable by CA but could be taxable by the IRS. Taxability depends on who paid the premiums on the disability policy. Your disability income will be taxable if the plan was paid for by your employer, partially taxable if you and your employer contributed to policy premiums and not taxable if benefits are from a private disability insurance policy. You did mention that the disability plans were employer paid, thus considered taxable income. Here are articles discussing taxability of short term and long term disability payments received:
https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tips/disability/are-short-term-disability-claim-payments-considered-...
https://www.irs.gov/faqs/interest-dividends-other-types-of-income/life-insurance-disability-insuranc...
You have a variety of income sources throughout 2024 so you will need to analyze each income type to determine it's taxability. Once you've done this, you can complete the W-4S with your estimated adjusted gross income and any income tax withheld to date to determine if withholdings are recommended from your future disability payments.
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