the 2210 default is that 1/4 of your required minimum payments is due 4/15,6/15,9/15 and 1/15 of following year. when you have uneven income especially later in the year the only way to possibly avoid these penalties is to use the annualized income installment method on page 3 of 2210.
the tax is figured for each period
22.5% of the taxes based on the deannualized taxes on your income for the period 1/1-3/31 must be paid by 4/15
45.% of the taxes based on the deannualized taxes on your income for the period 1/1 - 5/31 must be paid by 6/15
67.5 of the taxes based on the deannualized taxes on your income for the period 1/1-8/31 must be paid by 9/15
90% of the taxes for the whole year must be paid by 1/15/2024 - note that for this purpose withholding is only through 12/31
another possibility if you had uneven withholding is to use actual for each period. the default is 25%
evidently you do not meet any of the safe harbor tests.
There will be no federal penalties for not paying in enough taxes during the year if withholding and
- timely estimated tax payments equal or exceed 90% of your 2024 tax or
- timely estimated tax payments equal or exceed 100% of your 2023 tax (110% if your 2023 adjusted gross income was more than $150K) or
- the balance due after subtracting taxes withheld from 90% of your 2024 tax is less than $1,000 or
- your total taxes are less than $1,000
state laws differ
