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Get your taxes done using TurboTax
I think you are misunderstanding the form's approach: the form is correct.
You are required to pay 90% of your tax liability in EVEN quarterly installments, hence the 22.5%, 45%, etc. That is the law, even though the 2nd payment is due in June (and not July) and the 3rd payment is due is Sept (and not Oct). Do not confuse logic with the law! Law trumps logic!
However, the data used to determine the annualized income is predicated on 3 months year to date, 5 months year to date, 8 months year to date, etc.
For the 2nd quarterly payment, five months of income is ANNUALIZED to determine the ANNUALIZED tax liability and since half of 90% of due under law, then 45% is the appropriate factor.
Make sense? (and if not, contact your Congressman - they passed this law!)