How to maximize my deductions and credits, as well as minimizing my taxable income?

Hi,

 

I am a 34 year old independent working in the civil engineering industry. Are there any general tips for maximizing my deductions and credits, as well as minimizing my taxable income?

 

Additionally, I filed my federal tax of FY 2021 in April 2022 but still haven't filed my state tax yet to North Carolina (I printed out the finalized form using another tax provider but never mailed it out. Am I still eligible to get the tax refund? If yes, are there any penalties in getting less than the maximin amount? What is the best approach/procedure in doing this in a timely fashion (aka can I file using turbotax this year for my 2021 state and 2023 state at the same time)? Thank you!

 

Regards,