Get your taxes done using TurboTax

Your code 16 can be entered as you described or the same as code 20.

Your code 20 is almost the same.

I don't believe you need to file the 8333 but please read the exceptions below to be certain.

First enter the income:
1. go to the federal income section
2. scroll to the bottom
3. Miscellaneous Income, 1099-A, 1099-C, Start
4. Other income not already reported on a W2 or 1099, Start
5. Other wages? Yes
6. Household employee? Continue
7. Sick pay, continue, Medicaid, continue
8. Other Earned Income? Select Yes, continue
9. Source of income? Select Other
10. Enter description - Scholarship, enter your taxable amount
11. Continue

Subtract 
1. Miscellaneous Income, 1099-A, 1099-C, Start
2. Scroll to the bottom
3. Other reportable income, Start
4. Other taxable income?
5. Select YES
6. Description Treaty
7. Amount, enter your negative amount
8. continue

Claiming Tax Treaty Benefits

The payee does not have to file Form 8833 for any of the following situations:

1. The payee can claim a reduced rate of withholding tax under a treaty on interest, dividends, rent, royalties, or other fixed or determinable annual or periodic income ordinarily subject to the 30% rate.
2. The payee can claim a treaty exemption that reduces or modifies the taxation of income from dependent personal services, pensions, annuities, social security and other public pensions, or income of artists, athletes, students, trainees, or teachers. This includes taxable scholarship and fellowship grants.
3. The payee can claim a reduction or modification of taxation of income under an International Social Security Agreement or a Diplomatic or Consular Agreement.
4. The payee is a partner in a partnership, or a beneficiary of an estate or trust and the partnership, estate, or trust reports the required information on its return.
5. The payments or items of income that are otherwise required to be disclosed total no more than $10,000.