Student income limit to file taxes

My son is a college student who worked a summer job and received a W2 and also drove for door dash on the side while in school. Normally we file an income tax return and my son usually gets a refund equating to what taxes were withheld.  For 2023 he earned about $3400 on a W2 and about $800 on a 1099 since no taxes were withheld. Clearly its all under $5000 for the year.

 

The door dash earnings are being flagged as now owing $104 where in the past my son was always refunded any taxes withheld because of his low income.

 

Does my college student need to file income tax ?

 

Is there an income limit required to file income taxes for students?