ARTICLE 18 Pensions and Annuities does state:
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, payments made by a Contracting State under the provisions of the social security or similar legislation of that State to a resident of the other Contracting State or to a citizen of the United States shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State.
Article 19 addresses the government service, income and pension. The income would be taxable to a US citizen but not the pension. I don't believe you are receiving regular income.
This is all related to the federal government. CA does not recognize this tax treaty so it is all taxable to CA.
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