The default for avoiding penalties is 25% of your tax liability, the smaller of 2022 or 2023, is due each period. Assuming that for 2022 your adjusted gross income was less than $150,000, and $2000 was your tax liability then the required minimum estimated payment together with any withholding for each period in 2023/2024 was $500 (25% of your 2022 tax liability). The due dates were on or about 4/15/2023, 6/15/203, 9/15/2023 1/15/2024. Since you did not pay taxes based on either the above or 90% of your actual 2023 for the first 3 quarters you will be subject to penalties for the first 3 quarters despite what you do for the fourth quarter. The sooner you pay that $2000, the lower the penalties will be because they are figured from the installment due date to the date actually paid.
you have the option of using the annualized income method on page 3 of the 2210 to see if that will lower your penalties. This method is based on your 2023 liability and 90% of the taxes for each period must be paid in on a timely basis.
If this is your first time incurring estimated tax penalties you could request a waiver, but it would seem the penalty will be small so if may not be wise to use this one-time exception.
