You were covered if any additions were made by you or your employer to any of these 401(k) plans for the 401(k) plan year ending in or with 2023. Although you didn't provide details, you seem to be indicating that you contributed to all three plans, so it seems almost certain that you are covered for 2023. Your 2023 Forms W-2 will indicate with the marking of box 13 Retirement plan whether or not you were covered for 2023.
Being covered for 2023, whether or not you are eligible to deduct a traditional IRA contribution will depend on your modified AGI for the purpose, not the amount that you earned at any particular employer. Although the contribution might not be deductible, that does not mean that you are ineligible to contribute to a traditional IRA.
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