NYS part-time resident for 2023

When I do our 2023 taxes, how/where do I request to use the "Part-time resident" form for NY State taxes?  Will the taxes then be prorated as in 5 months / 12 months times what we'd owe for full year?  

     2nd ?: We bought an electric car in January, where will we be able to fill in info as we'll qualify for some if not all federal "rebate"?  

    3rd ?: if we buy an electric car in NY in 2024, would we be eligible for another federal "rebate"?