Hi watttlyirs2021,
Yes, you are correct that as a Single filer, the standard deduction is $12,950, which zeroes out your taxable income. Hence, the income tax liability is zero (Form 1040, line 16.)
However, the Form 1040 also include many other "non-income tax items" such as self employment taxes (Social Security and Medicare taxes, line 23 from Schedule 2), or Earned Income Credit (line 27).
Please review your Form 1040, lines 17-33 and see how "the amount you owe" is calculated.
Hope the above helps. Thank you.
Kochu Kitty
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