If your net qualified business income is negative, then you have a qualified business loss. You can't claim a deduction on your current year's return, but you will carry the loss forward to the following year. Lines 16 and 17 are used to calculate the loss you'll carry forward.
https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tips/irs-tax-forms/what-is-form-8995/L7dqp7NMg
Any negative QBI carried into the subsequent tax year as a qualified business net loss carryforward will be used in that subsequent year to determine the net qualified business income or loss in that year.
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