1. If you were married on December 31, 2022, you should file Married Filing Jointly.
2. The US taxes worldwide income but I would do more research, I am not sure that your income earned in your foreign country before the visa was issued is reportable on first US tax return.
3. In truth and in fact, you are a New York part year resident and should file in that manner. Here again, your India salary has no connection with the state of New York and do not believe the State of New York has the right to tax that income.
