@Helen123 , let me try answering your questions one by one
1. first and foremost and assuming that you are here on work visa ( H1-B, L or similar ), till you pass the Substantial Presence Test ( 183 days counting all the days present in 2023, 1/3 rd of the days present in 2022 and 1/6 th days present in 2021 ), you are considered a Non-Resident Alien AND TAXED only on your US sourced income. There are some "goods & Bads" associated with being a Non-Resident:
(a) you file on form 1040-NR ( not supported by TurboTax -- use tax professional or SprinTax or similar service )
(b) your filing status is generally -- assuming you do not maintain a home for your dependent children/ person-- Married Filing Separate -- this is like being single
( c) you also cannot use standard deduction and must use itemized deduction
(d) there is also some mechanics of filing that is not pleasant
(e) your passive income is taxed on flat 30% rate -- so you may want to avoid this type of income
(f) but on the good side you are NOT taxed on your world income , just US income
2. Yous US income is taxed as ordinary income -- including any bonus received for work done in the tax year -------- I need to look up US-UK tax treaty on this assuming you are in private employment .
3 & 4 included in above answers ( at least implied )
5. Mortgage deduction is valid ONLY when paid by the tax payer and probably best left alone for 2023.
6. Any earnings from your back accounts should be declared by your husband and taxed by the UK--- HM Inland Revenue
My assumption here is that you are here temporarily and have no plans to settle down on this side of the "pond"
Is there more I can do for you? If your questions are not of general interest you are welcome to PM me and I will answer these best I can .
Where in England (?) are you from and which state are you in ( US State tax laws vary greatly, even residency requirements )
pk
