I don't think it's possible to e-file the state without the federal. if you tried and got rejected or Turbotax wouldn't complete the transmission the reason is the federal must be filed either together with the state or before filing the state.
if you owe federal taxes you are already incurring penalties for late payment and if you didn't file a valid extension an additional penalty for late filing. it was due 4/18/2023 unless you are a Californian who has an extended due date.
you can file state by mail and wait for the refund to pay federal but the longer you wait to pay the federal the more the penalties and interest will grow.
check the iRS website for ways to pay including entering into a payment plan
https://www.irs.gov/payments
