Change in job income

I switched jobs on 3/20/23.
Previous job I was earning about $49-53K for the year at $23/hr. Current job has me projected to earn about $30K at $17/hr.
I've paid out about $3K in federal taxes alone from my previous job. I filed the W4 for the new job, Head of household, 3 dependents (2 kids, 1 adult).
I'm currently only having Medicare and SS taken out from new job, no federal taxes.

Have I already paid off my yearly in taxes from my previous job and that's why no federal taxes have been pulled?
Is there a new law in effect based on projected income earnings that I don't fall in the bracket to have federal taxes taken out?
Does writing exempt on the tax form mean you have no taxes taken out? I've written this before at other jobs and I still had federal taxes pulled regardless.


Thank you.