If you owned stocks (they were transferred into your name) and you sold them, your basis is whatever the original purchaser paid, and you owe capital gains on the difference. There is no IRS procedure to adjust this. This is not a case for injured or innocent spouse relief, it simply does not fit the statutory definitions of those situations. There is also no way to claim a stepped up basis in this situation.
You would have to follow this up in the family court, not with the IRS and state tax authorities.
