Yes, as xmasbaby0 points out, taxable Social Security can be a shock if you aren't used to it.
That being said, since this return is very different from his last return, it would be best to compare the returns line by line to figure out exactly what is different.
There is one change in the tax law that may have played a part. For 2020 and 2021, he may have received up to $1502 in Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC).
For 2022, the upper age limit has been reinstated, so you must be under age 65 to qualify for EITC for a taxpayer with no qualifying children.
If you need more help resolving this, please respond back with more details about what is on his return and what has changed.
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