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The IRS applies late penalties and interest on a case-by-case basis and will send a separate bill if penalties apply.

Because the IRS has the last word on penalties, we can't calculate the exact amount if your return is late. But the info below will give you an idea of what to expect in a worst-case scenario (courtesy of IRS Tax Topic 653).

There are two types of fees that may apply, plus interest on any unpaid taxes:  

• Late filing penalties apply if you owe taxes and didn't file your return or extension by April 18, 2023, or if you filed an extension but failed to file your return by October 16, 2023.
  • The late filing penalty is 5% of the additional taxes owed amount for every month (or fraction thereof) your return is late, up to a maximum of 25%.
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  • If you file more than 60 days after the due date, the minimum penalty is $435 (for tax returns required to be filed in 2023) or 100% of your unpaid tax, whichever is less.
• Late payment penalties apply if you didn't pay taxes owed by April 18, 2023, regardless of whether you filed an extension or not.
  • The late payment penalty is 0.5% (1/2 of 1%) of the additional tax owed amount for every month (or fraction thereof) the owed tax remains unpaid, up to a maximum of 25%.
  • For any month(s) in which both the late-payment and late-filing penalties apply, the late filing penalty will be reduced by the amount of the late payment penalty applied in that month. For example, instead of a 5% late filing penalty for the month, the IRS would apply a 4.5% late filing penalty and a 0.5% late payment penalty.
• Interest (compounded daily) starts accumulating on unpaid taxes one day after the due date of the return, until the bill is fully paid off. The current interest rate is 6% and is subject to change.

You won't face a penalty if:

• You file by October 16, 2023, provided you filed an extension and paid your tax bill by April 18, 2023, or
• You're getting a tax refund.
  • However, you must file your 2022 taxes by April 15, 2025 (or October 15, 2025, if you filed an extension). After that, any unclaimed tax refunds get turned over to the U.S. Treasury.

@TheWisdom