You will get a 2023 Form 1099-R in 2024 for the recharacterization with code R-"Recharacterized IRA contribution made for 2022" and this belongs on the 2022 return. But a Form 1099-R with code R will do nothing to your return. You can only report it as mentioned before. Therefore, you can ignore the 2023 Form 1099-R with code R when you get it in 2024. Box 1 on Form 1099-R will report the total recharacterized amount (contribution plus earnings) but it does not separately report the earnings and box 2a must be zero.
Yes, you can enter the recharacterization on your return. You have until the due date (including the extension) to make the recharacterization.
To clarify, do you have any pre-tax funds in any of your traditional/SEP/SIMPLE IRAs? As far as the IRS is concerned they are all one account. And if you had pre-tax funds in your traditional IRA then the pro-rata rule applies. This means that with each distribution/ conversion, you will have a taxable and nontaxable part. You can see the remaining basis on line 14 of Form 8606, this basis can be carried forward. Therefore, each distribution/conversion in the future will have a taxable and nontaxable part until the basis is all used.
The Backdoor Roth only works if your traditional/SEP/SIMPLE IRAs are empty. If you plan to use this strategy in the future you might want to think about a reverse rollover where you rollover IRA money to a company plan, like a 401(k). Only pre-tax funds can be rolled from an IRA to a company plan. Therefore, you would isolate the basis and could start the Backdoor Roth procedure fresh. But it only works if your employer allows it, not all plans do.
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