timely payments that exceed 100% of 2021 tax (110% if your 2021 adjusted gross income was
from 2210 instructions
Who Must Pay the Underpayment Penalty code section 6654 look at (b)(2)
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/6654
In general, you may owe the penalty for 2022 if the total of your withholding and timely estimated tax payments didn't equal at least the smaller of:
1. 90% of your 2022 tax, or
2. 100% of your 2021 tax. Your 2021 tax return must cover a 12-month period.
If your adjusted gross income (AGI) for 2021 was more than $150,000 ($75,000 if your 2021 filing status was
married filing separately), substitute 110% for 100% in (2) above.
however, late payment penalties apply if you don't pay taxes owed by April 18, 2023, regardless of whether you filed an extension or not. The late payment penalty is 0.5% (1/2 of 1%) of the additional tax owed amount for every month (or fraction thereof) the owed tax remains unpaid, up to a maximum of 25%.
