@Retired2022 - as noted above, for me, the best way to estimate the tax liability is this website. it is very accurate
https://www.dinkytown.net/java/1040-tax-calculator.html
also, as noted above, you can pay the tax at this website:
https://directpay.irs.gov/directpay/payment?execution=e1s1
whether paying the tax via estimates or having it withheld as part of the transactions, check with your financial advisor. Most will suggest paying the tax (if you have the flexibility) out of other non qualified funds and not netting it out of the transaction. You want to maximize the amount of money that makes its way to the Roth so that it continues to grow tax free and if you net it out of the transaction when other assets exist to pay the tax, it sub-optimises the strategy to grow the Roth. Your choice and talk to your financial advisor.
