1) mortgage and taxes are part of the $24k analysis. not sure what you are referring to as 'insurance' if that is home or auto, it is not deductible in any event. if it's long term care, it's part of medical. Further, taxes - the sum of property and state are further limited to $10k when filing joint as a part of the $24k.
2) charitable deductions are part of the $24k and are not limited (they are limited to a percent of your income but let's not get too technical and worry about it here)
the only other thing to consider as it's been mentioned on other posts is that some states still allow those deductions, so in some cases it might be worth entering the deductions as TT will go with standard for federal and itemized for state and you may be better off. But it is very state specific.
