Exceptions for what? That doesn't make any sense. Are you asking about exemptions? Or what? Exactly.

Turbo  tax states that you can claim as n dependant if they lI've with you hAlf a year,but there are exceptions.  want to know the exceptions.

The exceptions are temporary absence for school or medical treatment.
You can find the complete rules for a dependent in IRS Pub. 501
You can find IRS Pub 501 at this link:
https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p501.pdf