We paid estimated payments in 2016 and are getting a refund of most of the paid estimated taxes. This means I don't have to pay estimated this year but will I get penalized if we have more taxable income in 2017
Only if it is a significant increase. If you anticipate having an increase in taxable income, you can pay a small amount of estimated taxes. You can get the forms and information you need here: https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f1040es.pdf
