No. Because you actually e-filed your return, the charge to your debit card will apply. But you can fix your rejected return (see instructions in the TurboTax FAQ below), and re-submit the return without making payment again.
"How do I fix a rejected return?"
https://ttlc.intuit.com/replies/3302275
*** I am NOT a tax expert. I am a seasoned TurboTax user, and volunteer to provide assistance to TT users. Nothing I post is to be considered TAX ADVICE; I bear no legal liability for responses.***
