FAQ on ES here https://www.irs.gov/faqs/estimated-tax
ES are paid by check using a 1040ES payment voucher, or online using EFTPS system. If you paid ES but just don't know how much it was, you can check transactions at the EFTPS.gov website if you made online payments, or your 2024 transcript at IRS.gov for payments in Q1-3.
If you didn't pay ES, so what - this depends on your situation and what tax you owe that was not paid thru the year thru withholding (e.g. interest on a savings account), and may be assessed an underpayment penalty which TT will calculate on Form 1040 Line 38. You are required to have already paid by 1/15 the smaller of - 90% of your 2024 tax liability, or 100% of your 2023 liability (110% if your AGI > 150k).
The tax liability and payments are assumed to be due evenly throughout the year in 4 quarterly installments but if you had a tax event later in the year (e.g. ROTH conversion) you can use Form 2210 to specify the uneven liability and reduce the penalty. Due to these quarterly calculations, you could have a net refund but still have a penalty, or pay larger estimated tax in Q4 to meet the minimum total yet still have penalty for underpayment on a portion going back to Q1-3, etc.
The penalty rate for underpayment is a high 8% so if this is all news and you end up owing tax and have a penalty for 2024, then it's something to plan for in 2025 to meet that minimum payment threshold.
