The short answer is that you can't deduct the medical or disability liens because the settlement income is not taxable.
There is an overall tax law principle that tax deductions can be used to reduce your taxable income, but tax deductions can't be used if the income is not taxed in the first place, since there is no tax owed to be reduced. The most common example of this is that you can't deduct medical expenses if they were paid from tax-free money, like insurance reimbursements or a tax-free health savings account.
Legal settlements for personal injury are not taxable (including pain an suffering) unless part of the settlement is for back wages (because wages would have been taxable if you did the work, so the settlement for back wages is taxable even if paid by a person or insurance company who is responsible for your injury).
There is, of course, a procedure to deduct medical expenses. There is also a procedure to deduct or take a credit for wages paid in one year that you have to pay back in a future year. But these deductions do not apply in your case because the legal settlement is not taxable income. Instead of receiving (let's say) $100,000 tax-free for your injuries, you received $58,000 tax-free after the liens. Since the settlement is tax-free, you can't deduct those expenses. You also can't deduct attorney fees if you paid them.
(If it was the case that part of the settlement was for back wages and you get a W-2 or 1099-MISC from the insurance company, then you can use those taxable settlement proceeds as the basis for a deduction for repaid wages that would cancel out some or all of the income. We can tell you how to do that later if you end up getting tax documents for the settlement.)
