If you paid federal taxes owed to the IRS on a prior year federal tax return, the amount is not deductible on the current year federal tax return, so there is no place to enter the amount. As you mentioned, you may be able to deduct state and local taxes in the year they were paid, even if they are taxes from a prior year. You'll need to itemize to take this deduction. Please
review the following link and the link(s) embedded on the webpage for more information:
https://ttlc.intuit.com/replies/4232603