What does this question mean: "How much of your 2017 state taxes did you pay in 2018?" And where can I find this information?

[HelenaC]

This generally relates to estimated taxes. You would check your personal records. For example, did you pay the 2017 4th quarter estimated taxes in January of 2018? 

[rxb]

Assuming this question is found under OTHER Income Taxes Paid in 2018, then if you didn't get a state tax refund last year,  you put the amount you owed/paid here.
For fields that need to be filled in, TT labels estimated state taxes "estimated state taxes" The 1st section  is Estimated Tax Payments, 2017 state estimated taxes paid in 2018 (due Jan).
BTW, TT prefills both answers for me since I have used them before.