Your two possibilities to claim a dependent are as follows:
You may be able to claim your son as a Qualifying Child dependent if:
- The child must be related to you. The child can be your son, daughter, stepchild, eligible foster child, brother, sister, half-brother, half-sister, stepbrother, stepsister, adopted child or an offspring of any of them.
- Your child must be under age 19 or, if a full-time student, under age 24. There is no age limit if your child is permanently and totally disabled.
- Your child must live with you for more than half the year, but several exceptions apply (ie. away at school).
- The child cannot provide more than half of his/her support.
- You must be the only person claiming the child
- The child must be a US citizen, resident alien, national, or resident of Mexico or Canada.
- The child cannot file a joint return with his or her spouse.
You may be able to claim your son as a Qualifying Relative dependent if:
- You provided more than half of his support in 2016
- He earned less than $4,050 in gross taxable income. (Social Security income generally doesn’t count here.)
- He lives with you 365 days in the year or is related to you.
- He isn’t a dependent on someone else’s tax return.
- He isn’t filing a tax return with a spouse (married filing jointly).
- He is a U.S. citizen, resident alien, national, or a Canadian or Mexican resident
You can’t claim a dependent if you are a dependent on someone else’s taxes
See Rules For Claiming Dependents
