Maybe. If he made less than $4300 and you provided more than 50% of his support, you may still claim your son as a qualifying relative even though he did not live with you. Otherwise, you will not be able to claim him. The benefit is somewhat limited ($500 for the Other Dependent's Credit), but this year you would also qualify for the $1400 stimulus payment as well, which the IRS has been issuing on a "step up" basis if the amount was not submitted with the original return.
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