No you cannot complete a tax year 2017 return using the TurboTax 2016 software. Each tax year is a separate TurboTax program.
You will need to purchase a CD or Download of the 2017 TurboTax desktop editions from this website - https://turbotax.intuit.com/personal-taxes/cd-download/
When the 2017 TurboTax program is started it automatically searches for prior year (2016) tax data files to import into the 2017 tax return when you start a New Tax Return. You should have the 2016 tax data file on the same computer as the installed 2017 program. The 2016 tax data file has a file extension of .tax2016 and is normally stored in Documents and in the TurboTax folder.