You do not claim the unemployment exclusion on your 2021. Unemployment benefits are fully taxable in 2021.
If you believe you qualified but did not receive a refund then you will have to amend your 2020 tax return.
You qualified if your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) was less than $150,000 in 2020, then you were able to exclude up to $10,200 of unemployment compensation paid in 2020. This reduced your taxable income by up to $10,200, how much it reduced your taxable income was depending on your tax situation and tax bracket.
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