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There are two types of dependents, "Qualifying Children"(QC) and standard ("Qualifying Relative" in IRS parlance even though they don't have to actually be related). There is no income limit for a QC but there is an age limit, a relationship test and residence test. Only a QC qualifies a taxpayer for the Earned Income Credit and the Child Tax Credit. They are interrelated but the rules are different for each.
There is an additional age requirement for the $2000 Child tax credit (CTC). The QC must be under age 17.So, a Qualifying relative dependent and a qualifying child, over 16, only gets you the $500 (non-refundable) "Dependent credit", not the $2000 Child tax credit
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