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You are limited to $2,500 if filling separately.
There is a special rule whem married filing separately.
the default is
the excess over excludable benefits is included in taxable income
excludable: smaller of $5000 or spouses earned income or $2500
example spouse's earned income is $3000 then $2500 is taxable
example spouse's earned income is $2000 then $3000 is taxable
There are no penalties just the additional income taxes.
there is a special rule if the taxpayer is considered unmarried which does not appear to be your situation
The spouse with the FSA is limited to $2500 if they claim at least one dependent who had qualifying care, the other $2500 is added back to their taxable income, but there are no other penalties. If dependent care costs are more than $2500, you are not eligible for any additional child and dependent care credit while filing MFS.
If the spouse with the FSA does not have a dependent with qualifying childcare expenses, the entire $5000 is added back to their taxable income, but there is no additional penalty.
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