If you can claim your son as your dependent on your 2016 income tax return and you itemize your deductions on Schedule A, you may be able to deduct any medical expenses that you paid for him in 2016. Medical expenses include health insurance premiums, medicare premiums, co-payments, prescriptions, etc. For 2016, you may deduct medical expenses that exceed 10% of your adjusted gross income, (AGI). For example, if your 2016 AGI is $50,000, you may deduct any medical expenses that exceed $5,000.