Yes, you can exclude the gain on the sale of a primary residence for Colorado.
The starting point for your Colorado return is your federal taxable income.
Adjusting that income for the gain on the sale of a primary residence is not included in the definitions of additions to federal income.
Additionally, if a portion of your gain is included in your federal income, you may be able to subtract it from your Colorado income.
The amount you can exclude is up to $100,000.
See
https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/sites/default/files/Income15.pdf and