You always file a schedule C if you have net profit from self-employment of more than $400. Even if you are receiving your SS benefit, you still pay SS and Medicare tax (or self-employment tax) on income earned from working. And you must pay income tax on the net income as well, which is also calculated on schedule C.
You may be confused about certain rules. To state them briefly, if you are younger than full retirement age, having income earned from working may reduce your benefit. (For 2022, the cap is $19,560.) However, income earned from working is always subject to social security tax, even if it does not reduce your benefit because you are full retirement age. Also, having more than a certain amount of income can make your SS benefit partly taxable--this includes both income earned from working and unearned income like pensions or IRA.
*Answers are correct to the best of my ability at the time of posting but do not constitute legal or tax advice.*
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