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If you buy out your spouse, stay in the house, and later sell the house to a third party, capital gains tax will apply to that sale. You may exclude the first $250,000 of gain—as long as you’ve lived there for two years before selling, or meet one of the IRS exceptions to that rule.
Yes it affects your basis ... say you bought the house for 100K so you each own 1/2 or 50K each.
Now say the house is currently worth 120K and you pay her 60K for her half ... so your basis is now the original 50K + the 60K = 110K
This is a good discussion of this issue.
https://seiler.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Basis-of-Residence-in-a-Divorce1.pdf
Your basis in the home would be half the original cost plus improvements plus the amount of the cash out. For example, if you paid $100,000 for your home and added $20,000 in improvements, your “half” at the time of divorce would be $60,000 (50% of $100k + $20k). The house appreciated in value ($200,000) and your buyout was $100,000. Your basis is $160,000 ($60k + $100k).
Property settlements incident to a divorce are not taxable.
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