Should I have a formal rental agreement if I live with my mother? Tax-wise is there a benefit for such an agreement, for either of us?

[DBZ]

We have no formal rental agreement and she never asks me for money, but I help her pay the bills. Would either of us see a benefit on our taxes if we had a formal agreement?

[Bsch4477]

Your help with her bills is a gift which requires no tax reporting and there is no tax advantage if under $17,000 in 2023. 

[TomD8]

The IRS does not consider your situation to be a "rental" if you are renting from a family member at below fair market value.  Thus from a tax perspective no formal rental agreement is necessary.

Also, sharing the cost of goods or services from which you yourself benefit does not constitute a gift.

[Hal_Al]

If this is merely a cost sharing arrangement where the amount paid is below fair market rental, there would be no reportable income to you. If the “rent” amount is fair market value, or more, there is still some question as to whether you even have to report it, as it almost always comes out zero. Most people take the attitude that it is not income; it's just room mates sharing expenses and ignore it. Family, as opposed to unrelated roommates, makes that position stronger.

What your mother is not  allowed to do, because it is her own home (she has "personal use") is claim a loss from this activity, to offset other income. Because of the "personal use rule", her deductions are limited to her income. Net effect ZERO.