It depends.
DC and VA have what is called a state reciprocal agreement. However, this allows nonresidents to not have state withholding taxes related to employee compensation earned in the state and only relates to DC source wage income. Other DC-source income (ie: rent) is subject to taxation in DC.
If your rental property earned net income, then you do need to file a DC Non-resident return.
If your property did not have net income or profit, then you are not required to file with a loss.