Will I get penalized next year if I do not add a w-2 this year?

ALL 2022 W-2 FORMS MUST BE REPORTED ON A 2022 TAX RETURN ... NO EXCEPTIONS.  

You cannot hold one back or put it on next year's return.  

If you already efiled, you'll have to wait until the IRS either accepts or rejects your efiled return before you will know what to do.  The IRS starts processing returns on January 23, except for a few returns they pull early for testing purposes.  So soon after January 23 you should find out if the return is accepted or rejected.   Watch for an email with the efile results.   You should have gotten at least 1 email already stating it had been successfully transmitted (if it was.)   If you didn't get it, also check your spam/junk folders.

You can check the efile status by logging into your account or by using this tool:
https://shop.turbotax.intuit.com/efile/efile_status_lookup.jsp

If the IRS rejects your return, you can make any corrections at that time and resubmit the efile.  It will be good if the return is rejected, because that is the easiest way for you to fix this.

If the IRS accepts your return, however, then you should wait on any Federal refund to arrive first, then amend the return by preparing Form 1040X to add the additional W-2 information.  If you end up having to prepare an amended return, it cannot be efiled; it has to be printed, signed, and mailed. 

In the meantime, do NOT make any changes in your original return.   If you have to resubmit or amend later, it has to start off with the return as you originally filed it.